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United Nations Youth Association of New Zealand
 »    Thursday, 9 September 2010
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Debating Strategies Minimize

Now that you have done all your research for your Model UN, you need to be able to convey those ideas effectively on the day. Remember that participating in a Model UN is not like being a lawyer in a law court – there will not a judge there deciding which side is stronger. At the heart of Model UN is negotiation – explaining your ideas and policies effectively and convincing others to your point of view. 


Staying in Character Minimize

Remember that your role is to present the foreign policies of a particular country. You might not agree with that point of view so putting yourself in another person (or country’s!) shoes may be challenging. For the duration of the Model UN, you are not you, the individual, but you are the agent of the government of the country you represent. Try to represent the position of your country accurately and don’t let your own biases influence this. This isn’t to say that there isn’t room for creative thinking but do reflect seriously on what your country would actually do (or has done in the past) in the same situation. 


Influence Minimize

Even though the UN recognises the equal sovereignty of every member state, the reality is that the country you represent will likely affect your Model UN strategy. A major, industrialised country naturally has greater advantage because it can exercise greater influence, has more allies and more resources compared to small islands or developing states. Usually smaller countries have to work harder to maximise its influence and it often helps to band together with other states in the same region as a “regional bloc”. Remember that every state in the UN only has one vote however – a powerful country like the United States has one vote as does a very populous country like India, as does one of the smallest countries like Tuvalu. Use this to your advantage! 


Effective Public Speaking Minimize
Speaking in front of a big group of people can be a nerve-racking experience, but don’t let stage fright deter you. If you are well-prepared, you should find yourself enjoying the Model UN experience very much. There are no hard and fast rules for effective public speaking but there are general pointers that you can keep in mind. Think about some of your favourite orators, politicians, news presenters, actors and actresses – observe their style of presentation and see what you can learn from them. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about Model UN debating. 

Do I have to write a speech?
No, you don’t. In fact, it’s probably better if you don’t because you’ll be able to avoid reading straight from a piece of paper that way. It’s good to be prepared and if you’re confident enough, it is preferable just to jot down a few key words and ideas to jog your memory. Try to deliver your speech freely or “off the cuff” because you will sound less monotonous that way. 
 
How should I speak?
Try to pace yourself and not talk too quickly. Even though speeches are usually about 1 to 1.5 minutes long, you can pause to give the audience time to digest what you are saying. Try to maintain eye contact with the audience. Remember that there are time limits on speeches – be aware of this and if you want, leave time for questions from the floor. 
 
Body language is important as well. Keep your hands out of your pockets – feel free to use hand gestures, but not so many that your limbs are flailing! Stand with your feet slightly apart and relax your shoulders – this will make you seem more relaxed and make your delivery less “wooden”. Finally, be confident in yourself. You’re well prepared and during that Model UN, you are the authority for your country’s policies!
 
What should be in the content of my speech? 
Because you only have limited time to speak, try to be concise and get to the point straight away. Usually it helps to focus on specific issues or clauses in the resolutions that you think are problematic. In smaller committees, you might have more time to elaborate on your ideas, but in larger committees like the General Assembly, you won’t have that luxury. You might like to demonstrate the extent of a problem you’ve identified and to explain the effects of that problem by using facts and examples. Address the causes of the problem and present your solutions, or even better, suggest a joint solution that you have come up with, in partnership with other delegates. Try to show where other similar policies have been effective. Explain why your solution is a good one by showing, for example, how it will reduce the extent of the problem, result in advantages or streamline processes. Think of loopholes in your solution before you make your speech because you may be questioned about it by other delegates. 
 
 
 
 

Diplomacy Minimize
Being a good diplomat means that you’ll need to act diplomatically and courteously at all times. The diversity of people, ideas and cultures represented at the UN is massive, which means that ideological disagreements can sometimes be a source of conflict. At a Model UN, you are taking on the role of a diplomat so you always have to be respectful of the other delegates. Use formal language when addressing the Committee, and refer to other delegates as the “Honourable Delegate for...” Acknowledge and respect other delegates’ opinions even if you don’t agree with them. Avoid insulting or threatening other delegates. (There are special procedures if you feel that you have been abused by another delegate.) Be professional at all times. 
 
If you are genuinely feeling uncomfortable at the Model UN however, speak to the welfare officer, or if there isn’t one, the coordinator of the conference. 
 

Negotiation Minimize
At all Model UN events, you are trying to achieve a “win-win” solution even though most situations are invariably biased towards one state or group of states or another. However, you should still seek to achieve your interests but remember that others are trying to do exactly the same thing. Achieving all your interests usually won’t be possible but with some skilful negotiation, you should be able to turn most situations to your advantage. 
 
What are my interests?
Your interests are the motives, fears, desires, needs, concerns and aspirations influencing your country’s stated policy position. Your interests will be influenced by the size, wealth, population, ethnic composition, religion, language, cultures and resources (among other factors) of your country. In order to achieve solutions that satisfy all parties, you will need to be clear on what your interests are and to work out what other countries’ interests are too. 
Once you have thought about these complementary or conflicting interests, you will be able to consider what options are available. The more options you can come up with, the more likely it is that you will be able to reach a solution. Effective negotiators seek fair and mutually beneficial solutions that gain the compliance from different parties, who all feel like they can get something positive from the deal. Solutions should seek to solve problems in both the short and long-term, and should be enduring and sustainable. If you can’t achieve your interests exactly, prioritise your different interests and see which ones you can compromise on and which you can’t. If you don’t like a particular solution that another delegate has suggested, can you suggest a better alternative? 
 
Be realistic about your interests and the options that are available to you. Think about how much influence your country has and how you can maximise it.